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5th Grade Science practice questions and exam guide

25 multiple-choice questions and 75 flashcards, written to the Next Generation Science Standards blueprint. Every question carries a full rationale.

Written and maintained by Nick Burton · last updated 2026-08-22 · how we write and review questions

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About the 5th Grade Science exam

Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) — Grade 5: Structure & Properties of Matter (5-PS1), Motion & Stability (5-PS2), Energy (5-PS3), Ecosystems (5-LS1, 5-LS2), Earth Systems (5-ESS1, 5-ESS2, 5-ESS3). Public standards from nextgenscience.org.

CoStudy's 5th Grade Science bank holds 100 items. Every multiple-choice question carries a written rationale explaining why the correct answer is correct and why each distractor is tempting but wrong.

Free 5th Grade Science practice questions

A sample of 12 multiple-choice questions from the bank, with the full rationale shown.

In any reaction, matter is:

  1. Lost
  2. Created
  3. Doubled
  4. Conserved

Answer: D — Conserved

Conservation of matter — total mass stays constant. (A),(B),(C) wrong.

Why don't we feel Earth moving through space?

  1. Earth isn't moving
  2. We are moving with it at the same speed
  3. Air pressure
  4. Magnets

Answer: B — We are moving with it at the same speed

We share Earth's motion → no relative acceleration felt. (A),(C),(D) wrong.

Which property does NOT change when you cut wood in half?

  1. Length
  2. Mass
  3. Material (it's still wood)
  4. Number of pieces

Answer: C — Material (it's still wood)

Material identity doesn't change with cutting. (A),(B),(D) all change.

Earth's atmosphere is made mostly of:

  1. Oxygen
  2. Water vapor
  3. Carbon dioxide
  4. Nitrogen

Answer: D — Nitrogen

~78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen. (A),(C),(B) smaller portions.

When water freezes, it changes from:

  1. Liquid to gas
  2. Gas to liquid
  3. Liquid to solid
  4. Solid to gas

Answer: C — Liquid to solid

Freezing = liquid → solid. (A),(B),(D) different changes.

Objects fall because:

  1. Air pushes them
  2. The wind blows
  3. They want to fall down
  4. Gravity pulls them

Answer: D — Gravity pulls them

Falling happens because of gravity's pull, so D is correct. A) Air pushing isn't what causes objects to fall. B) Wind isn't needed for something to fall. C) Objects don't have wants — this is a common misconception, not a scientific reason.

A 'producer' in an ecosystem:

  1. Makes its own food
  2. Eats animals
  3. Decomposes
  4. Is always a fungus

Answer: A — Makes its own food

Producers = plants/algae making food. (B) is consumer; (C) is decomposer; (D) is too narrow.

Most of Earth's water is found in:

  1. Lakes
  2. Oceans
  3. Rivers
  4. Glaciers

Answer: B — Oceans

~97% in oceans. (A),(C),(D) much smaller.

What are the three common states of matter?

  1. Solid, liquid, gas
  2. Hard, soft, light
  3. Hot, warm, cold
  4. Color, size, shape

Answer: A — Solid, liquid, gas

Three states = solid/liquid/gas. (B),(C),(D) are properties.

Most of Earth's fresh water is locked in:

  1. Rivers
  2. Lakes
  3. Ice and glaciers
  4. Underground

Answer: C — Ice and glaciers

Most fresh water is frozen in ice. (A),(B) smaller; (D) is groundwater, second.

In a food chain, an arrow points from:

  1. Food to eater (energy flow)
  2. Eater to food
  3. Big to small
  4. Random

Answer: A — Food to eater (energy flow)

Arrows show energy moving from food TO consumer. (B),(C),(D) wrong.

Where does almost all energy in ecosystems start?

  1. Soil
  2. Moon
  3. Wind
  4. Sun

Answer: D — Sun

Sun powers photosynthesis → food chains. (A),(C),(B) wrong.

5th Grade Science flashcards

6 sample cards from the 75 in the bank.

Where does the energy in food come from?

Originally from the sun. Plants capture sunlight; animals get energy by eating plants or other animals.

What happens to objects in orbit (like satellites)?

They're falling around Earth — gravity pulls them in, but their forward motion keeps them missing.

What is a 'carnivore'?

An animal that eats only meat. Like lions, hawks, sharks.

What is the sun?

A star — the closest one to Earth. About 93 million miles away.

How does matter cycle in an ecosystem?

Plants take from soil/air, animals eat plants, decomposers return matter to soil — it cycles around.

How do stars compare to each other?

They differ in size, color (which shows temperature), and brightness. Some are bigger than our sun, some smaller.

Practise the full 5th Grade Science bank

These samples are a small slice. The full bank runs flashcards, multiple choice and timed mock exams with per-chapter progress tracking, on the web and in the iOS app.

Open 5th Grade Science →

5th Grade Science — frequently asked

How many 5th Grade Science practice questions does CoStudy have?

The 5th Grade Science bank holds 100 items: 25 multiple-choice questions, 75 flashcards. 18 of them are on this page to read free, with no signup.

Do the 5th Grade Science questions come with explanations?

Yes. Every multiple-choice item carries a written rationale that states the controlling principle behind the correct answer and then addresses each wrong option in turn — why it tempts and precisely where it fails. Knowing why the plausible answer was wrong is worth more than knowing which letter was right.

What is on the 5th Grade Science exam?

Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) — Grade 5: Structure & Properties of Matter (5-PS1), Motion & Stability (5-PS2), Energy (5-PS3), Ecosystems (5-LS1, 5-LS2), Earth Systems (5-ESS1, 5-ESS2, 5-ESS3). Public standards from nextgenscience.org.

Are the 5th Grade Science practice questions free?

The samples on this page are free to read in full, rationales included, with no account. The complete 100-item bank, the timed mock exams and per-chapter progress tracking are part of CoStudy on the web and in the iOS app.

How current is the 5th Grade Science content?

Last reviewed 2026-08-22. Banks are written against the certifying body's published exam outline and re-checked when that outline changes — exams get renumbered, retired and reweighted, and a bank written to a superseded outline teaches the wrong proportions. Figures that are re-indexed annually are deliberately not asserted as rules; the questions test the governing principle instead.

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