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Urinary System and Fluid Balance — HS Anatomy & Physiology practice questions

10 multiple-choice questions and 10 flashcards on Urinary System and Fluid Balance, about 7% of the HS Anatomy & Physiology bank. Every one carries a written rationale.

Written and maintained by the CoStudy team · last updated 2026-10-02 · how we write and review questions

What this chapter covers

Urinary System and Fluid Balance is one of 13 chapters in CoStudy's HS Anatomy & Physiology bank, and it holds 10 of the bank's 150 multiple-choice questions — roughly 7% of the total. That proportion is not arbitrary: chapters follow the certifying body's published exam outline, and the number of questions in each is set by that domain's published weight, so the share of your practice time this chapter takes matches the share of the real exam it accounts for.

Studying by chapter is worth doing once you have a diagnostic score. A single overall percentage tells you whether you are close; it does not tell you which domain is dragging. Working a weak chapter in isolation, and re-testing it in isolation, is the fastest way to move a score that has stalled — and it is why the mock exams in CoStudy report by domain rather than as one number.

Free Urinary System and Fluid Balance practice questions

5 questions drawn from this chapter, with the full rationale shown — the controlling principle behind the right answer, and why each wrong option tempts and fails.

Urine flows from the kidney to the outside in which order?

  1. Urethra → bladder → ureter
  2. Bladder → ureter → urethra
  3. Ureter → urethra → bladder
  4. Ureter → bladder → urethra

Answer: D — Ureter → bladder → urethra

D) Correct — Ureters drain each kidney into the bladder. A) Reverses the order. B) Ureters come before the bladder. C) The bladder stores urine before it leaves.

Urea, the main nitrogen waste in urine, comes from:

  1. the breakdown of proteins
  2. the breakdown of fats
  3. the breakdown of starch
  4. old red blood cells only

Answer: A — the breakdown of proteins

A) Correct — The liver converts ammonia from amino acids into urea. B) Fats contain no nitrogen. C) Carbohydrates contain no nitrogen. D) These produce bilirubin.

When you are dehydrated, more ADH is released. As a result, urine becomes:

  1. less in volume and more concentrated
  2. greater in volume and more dilute
  3. free of urea
  4. unchanged

Answer: A — less in volume and more concentrated

A) Correct — ADH makes the collecting ducts reabsorb more water. B) Happens when ADH is low. C) Urea is still excreted. D) ADH directly changes water reabsorption.

Most water and all glucose in the filtrate are normally:

  1. excreted in urine
  2. stored in the bladder
  3. secreted into the tubule
  4. reabsorbed into the blood

Answer: D — reabsorbed into the blood

D) Correct — Most reabsorption happens in the proximal tubule. A) Would waste water and nutrients. B) The bladder stores urine. C) Secretion moves substances from blood into the tubule.

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

  1. nephron
  2. neuron
  3. alveolus
  4. sarcomere

Answer: A — nephron

A) Correct — Each kidney has about a million nephrons. B) Is a nerve cell. C) Is an air sac in the lung. D) Is a muscle unit.

Urinary System and Fluid Balance flashcards

4 cards from the 10 in this chapter.

Kidneys' other roles?

Blood pressure (renin), red blood cell production (erythropoietin), vitamin D activation, pH balance.

Urinary system organs?

Kidneys (filter), ureters (transport), bladder (store), urethra (excrete).

Where does urea come from?

The liver turns ammonia from amino acid breakdown into urea, which the kidneys excrete.

Three nephron processes?

Filtration (glomerulus), reabsorption (tubules), secretion (tubules).

Practise the full chapter

These are a sample. The full Urinary System and Fluid Balance chapter runs 20 items with per-chapter progress tracking, on the web and in the iOS app.

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